GINSENG : Ginseng root root is the common name for the root of the plant Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is well known for its chemically active ginsenosides, whose main constituents are steroidal saponins (1). The main biological activities of ginseng include immune-enhancing effects, recovery of vital energy, as well as relief from fatigue, improved blood flow, antioxidant effects and positive effects on memory improvement and menopausal disorder (2).
Its main anti-fatigue mechanisms include energy metabolism regulation, reduction of metabolite accumulation and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
Those groups that had received ginseng supplementation reported lower levels of lactic acid, serum ammonia, urea nitrogen and creatine phosphokinase activity following exercise, as well as higher levels of glucose and greater glycogen storage in the liver and muscles. The build-up of ammonia in the blood and brain during exercise can negatively affect the central nervous system and can lead to fatigue. Consequently, the results suggested that ginseng extracts can improve exercise endurance and reduce body fatigue.
The HMPC (Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products) concluded that these ginseng root preparations can be used to treat fatigue and weakness (4) when used on a prolonged basis.
VITAMIN A: contributes to the maintenance of mucous membranes and the normal functioning of the immune system.
VITAMIN B1: contributes to normal energy metabolism.
VITAMIN B2: contributes to the maintenance of mucous membranes, maintenance of red blood cells, protection of cells against oxidative stress and reducing tiredness and fatigue.
VITAMIN B3: contributes to normal energy metabolism, maintenance of the mucous membranes and reduce tiredness and fatigue.
VITAMIN B5: contributes to normal energy metabolism, mental performance and reducing tiredness and fatigue.
VITAMIN B6: contributes to the normal synthesis of cysteine, normal energy metabolism, normal metabolism of homocysteine, proteins and glycogen, maintenance of red blood cells, normal functioning of the immune system and reducing tiredness and fatigue.
VITAMIN B8: contributes to normal energetic metabolism, normal macronutrient metabolism and maintenance of mucous membranes.
VITAMIN B9: contributes to the normal synthesis of amino acids, normal blood formation, normal homocysteine metabolism, normal functioning of the immune system, reduction of tiredness and fatigue and is involved in the process of cell division.
VITAMIN B12: contributes to normal energetic metabolism, normal homocysteine metabolism, normal maintenance of red blood cells, normal functioning of the immune system, reduction of tiredness and fatigue and is involved in the process of cell division.
VITAMIN C: contributes to normal energy metabolism, normal immune system function, protects cells from oxidative stress, reduces tiredness and fatigue and increases the absorption of iron.
VITAMIN D: contributes to the absorption/normal use of calcium and phosphorous, normal levels of calcium in the blood, maintenance of normal muscular function, normal immune system function, is involved in the cell division process, and reduces the risk of falls associated with postural instability and muscular weakness.
VITAMIN E: contributes to the protection of cells against oxidative stress.
MAGNESIUM: contributes to reducing tiredness and fatigue, electrolyte balance, normal energy metabolism, normal muscle function, contributes to normal protein synthesis, maintaining healthy bones in normal conditions and is involved in the cell division process.
MANGANESE: contributes to normal energy metabolism, to the maintenance of healthy bones in normal conditions, to the normal formation of connective tissue, to the protection of cells against oxidative stress.
IODINE: contributes to normal energy metabolism.
ZINC: contributes to normal DNA synthesis, normal acid-base metabolism, normal carbohydrate metabolism, normal macronutrient metabolism, normal fatty acid metabolism, normal vitamin A metabolism, normal protein synthesis, maintenance of healthy bones in normal conditions, normal functioning of the immune system, protection of cells against oxidative stress and is involved in the cell division process.
IRON: contributes to normal energy metabolism, maintenance of red blood cells and haemoglobin, normal oxygen transport in the body, normal functioning of the immune system, reducing tiredness and fatigue and is involved in the cell division process.
VITAMIN K: contributes to normal blood clotting and keeping bones in normal conditions.
SELENIUM: contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, the normal functioning of the thyroid and the protection of cells against oxidative stress.
HESPERIDIN*: Flavonoids are bioactive substances found mainly in fruits and vegetables, with more than 15,000 molecules identified within this family (5). One of the best-known flavonoids is hesperidin, which is present in high concentrations in citrus fruits. Whenever hesperidin reaches the intestine, the bacterial flora converts it into hesperetin, which is the main metabolite of hesperidin. Hesperidin inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-2 (7–10). The intake of hesperidin has also been demonstrated to be highly safe (11), modulating leukocyte gene expression, enhancing its antioxidant and inflammatory profile (12–14).
NDL PRO HEALTH multivitamins does not contain any substances included in the WADA prohibited list in either their composition or during their manufacturing process.
